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Dezhou Zhonghao International Freight Forwarding Co., Ltd.
Tel:15066630950/18553446660
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Application Status and Prospect of UAV in E-commerce Logistics Transportation Industry |
| release time：2019-06-10 viewed：1881次 |
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| With the introduction of smart manufacturing and "Internet +", the domestic logistics industry has shown rapid growth since the government introduced a series of standardization and industrial integration policies. According to statistics, in 2016, the total social logistics volume of the country was 229.7 trillion yuan; in 2017, the total social logistics volume of the country was 252.8 trillion yuan, calculated at comparable prices, an increase of 6.7% over 2016, and the growth rate was 0.6 percentage points higher than that of 2016 [ 1]. The logistics industry has become an important part of the national economy. Among them, the e-commerce logistics distribution has developed rapidly, and the huge online shopping order volume has brought tremendous pressure on traditional logistics distribution. In the 2018 Global Mid-Autumn Shopping Festival in 2018, the total amount of orders for the e-commerce platform Jingdong reached 192.92 billion yuan in one day. The total sales of 47 home appliance merchants such as Tmall, Suning Tesco, Gome Plus and Amazon China was 284.47 billion yuan. . Therefore, whether it is e-commerce self-built logistics system or cooperation with express delivery companies, the development of automated, intelligent modern logistics distribution system is the most urgent problem that e-commerce needs to solve. UAV logistics has the advantages of short distance, low cost and high efficiency. On May 29, 2018, when you were hungry, you were allowed to open the first batch of UAVs on the real-time distribution route, marking the distribution industry from labor intensive Type-to-technology-intensive evolution. E-commerce companies such as SF Express, JD.com, Amazon, DHL, etc. are all distributing UAV express delivery. Recently, as one of the world's leaders in the field of UAV logistics, JD.com has become the first state-level drone logistics distribution pilot enterprise. This paper describes the concept of UAV and UAV system, analyzes the advantages and bottlenecks of logistics UAV and UAV express logistics system in detail, and looks forward to the development trend of UAV logistics distribution. 1 drone and drone systems Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is an acronym for unmanned aerial vehicles or unmanned aerial vehicles. It is a non-manned aerial vehicle operated by radio remote control equipment and self-provided program control devices. In 1914, the First World War was first studied in the UK for military investigations. Since the successful flight test of the first UAV in the United States in 1917, it has grown faster and faster. China's drones began in the 1950s for military investigations, aerial photography, and so on. At present, domestic well-known manufacturing enterprises have Dajiang, Yihang, and zero-degree intelligence control. The rapid development of UAV technology at home and abroad has a wide variety and distinctive features, resulting in large differences in size, quality, range, flight altitude, flight speed, and flight missions. According to the purpose, it can be divided into military and civilian; according to the height of the mission, it can be divided into ultra low altitude, low altitude, hollow, high altitude and super high altitude unmanned aerial vehicles; according to the flight platform, it can be divided into fixed wing, rotor, wing wing and flapping wing drone. According to the power source, it can be divided into oil, electric and oil-electric hybrid drones. From a technical point of view, the UAV system [3], also known as the unmanned aircraft system, consists of a drone, associated remote control station, required command and control links, and any other regulations specified in the approved model design. Component composition. The system mainly includes flight system, mission load system and ground control system. The flight system mainly includes the body, power system, navigation system, power system and other control systems to ensure the normal operation of the flight platform; the mission load system includes the sensor system and the camera system; the ground control system includes the data processing center, the take-off/landing system, and the monitoring system. , remote control system and auxiliary equipment. 2 Advantages and bottlenecks of logistics drones, drone logistics and drone logistics express delivery systems Logistics drones refer to drones used in the logistics industry, which can solve the important problems of logistics industry in terms of timeliness, cheapness and accessibility. In 2013, e-commerce and logistics giant Amazon developed a first-generation logistics drone using a multi-rotor solution. Subsequently, a multi-rotor and fixed-wing hybrid solution was used to design the logistics drone, and the first delivery was completed in 2016. In December 2017, SF developed a large-scale logistics drone with a wingspan of 20 m and a load of 1.2 t, and the first demonstration flight of emergency materials delivery. On June 18, 2018, Jingdong “Jinghong” large-scale cargo drone, which was based on the logistics and transportation scene, was the first heavy-duty drone that was independently developed and designed by Jingdong. Unmanned aerial vehicle logistics refers to the planning, implementation and control process of using unmanned aerial vehicles as the main tool to realize the transportation of goods from the supply ground to the receiving ground. UAV logistics is mainly divided into UAV transportation, UAV terminal distribution, UAV rescue and UAV inspection. The main form of UAV transportation and UAV end distribution. UAV transport refers to the process of maneuvering drones for cargo transportation through self-contained program control or radio remote control equipment. According to the transportation distance, load, and battery life, it can be divided into sub-line drone transportation and terminal drone distribution (last mile). The drone logistics express system refers to the intelligent logistics network established by the drone with the intelligent platform as the core. SF put forward three-stage air transportation of "large-scale manned transport aircraft + branch large drone + terminal small drone" Network drone logistics network system, in which large-scale manned transport aircraft and terminal small drones have been tested; Jingdong proposed "trand-spur-end-end distribution" three-level drone intelligent logistics network system to meet different application scenarios Maximizing the distribution efficiency has become the direction that will lead the development of China's future UAV logistics system. In terms of industrial practice, with the launch of the first large-scale cargo drone, Jingdong entered the landing stage in the layout of the feeder line. 2.1 Advantages of drone logistics 1) Short distance UAVs do not have the limitations of mountains, rivers, bridges, buildings, etc. on traditional transportation routes, and are suitable for remote areas and emergency parts distribution. 2) low operating cost In remote mountainous areas, the demand for carrying capacity is low, and the distribution of drones has a strong operating cost advantage. According to Jingdong calculation, after the finalization and scale, the distribution cost will drop by 40%~50%. 3) Fast speed The mainstream speed of drones ranges from tens of kilometers to hundreds of kilometers per hour. The faster speed can expand the space use efficiency, from plane to three-dimensional, and greatly improve the distribution efficiency. 4) Strong practicality 85% of the quality of the express delivery is about 2.7 kg, which can be distributed by drone. The drone is suitable for small batch and high frequency flight. Delivering small batches of delivery tasks to drones can maximize human labor flexibility, reduce labor costs and physical exertion. 2.2 UAV logistics bottleneck problem Although Jingdong, Alibaba, Suning Tesco and other e-commerce companies as well as SF, rookie and other express delivery companies have been involved in drone logistics, but they are currently in the exploration stage, there are still many problems to be solved. 1) Security issues The security problem refers to the safety of the drone itself, the security of the express mail, the information security, the route safety, the safety of the public and property, and the safety of civil aviation. The reports of the "Black Flying" incident and the "Injury" incident have touched the safety of the Chinese people. It takes time to accept the drone. Although there have been test sites similar to the test base of the UAV Application and Control Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, UAV logistics still lacks a national or industry-approved public test and test environment. 2) Regulatory issues From the perspective of national policies, the state is open-minded. In 2013, the Interim Provisions on the Administration of Pilots for Civil Aircraft Driving Aircraft Systems was administered by the China AOPA Association. In 2014, the “Low Space Use Management Regulations (Trial)” draft for comments divided low-altitude airspace into controlled airspace, surveillance airspace and reporting airspace, which involved monitoring and reporting airspace flight plans, and enterprises were required to report to the Air Force and Civil Aviation Administration. In 2015, the “Trial Regulations for Light and Small UAV Operation” will take over the “electronic fence” for all drones with a weight of more than 7 kg. In 2016, the “Guidance on Promoting the Development of the General Aviation Industry” for the first time increased the low-altitude opening restriction from below 1 000 m to below 3 000 m. In 2017, the UAV for the registration of the real-name system of civil unmanned aerial vehicles with a take-off quality of more than 250 g must be registered. In March 2018, SF Holdings announced that its subsidiary Jiangxi Fengyu Shuntu Technology Co., Ltd. was awarded the UAV Air Operations (Pilot) license by the China Eastern Airlines East China Regional Administration, becoming the first person in China to obtain an operating license. Machine enterprise. The issuance of the first drone air operation permit approved by the civil aviation administration in China marks the official entry of China into the new phase of drone transportation. However, there is currently no trial charter, related license management, and clear environmental requirements. In the United States, Amazon's logistics machine is also lacking in the US Federal Aviation Administration's policy approval, and large-scale commercialization in the local area is nowhere in sight. 3) Technical requirements Small and ultra-small logistics drones have less load capacity and less than 1 h of endurance. The key technology lies in the power source, and the battery technology needs to be developed to provide strong power. The development of material technology provides a lightweight body; the development of communication and navigation technology to achieve more accurate Flight within the route; develop human-machine cooperative flight control technology and group control technology to adapt to environmental capabilities in a single or multiple drones flying over crowds, leap buildings, rivers, mountains and other harsh delivery conditions. Because long-distance distribution lacks vision, only a series of sensors equipped with drones can be used to avoid obstacles. Therefore, sensor technology and avoidance technology are the key technologies used by logistics drones. The fixed-point delivery technology requires that the drone accurately finds the delivery location and opens the delivery box to the specified location. 4) Cost issues From the perspective of cost, the logistics and transportation systems of logistics drones and drones are not transported in large quantities like land transportation, so the cost cannot be diluted. The integration of UAV logistics and IoT technology requires the establishment of supporting technologies and facilities such as flight control dispatching center, flight service center, R&D center, and manufacturing center. The cost of UAV logistics transportation is high, and it is impossible to build a large enterprise by a single enterprise. Complex intelligent logistics network system. 5) Talent issues UAV logistics requires a large variety of advanced technical and technical personnel, such as: logistics UAV R & D personnel, flight control personnel, IoT technical personnel, communication technology personnel, logistics technology personnel, drone maintenance personnel. The number of institutions of higher learning, vocational colleges, and training institutions that open drones is small, the corresponding teachers are lacking, and the cost of study and training is high and unattractive. High-demand colleges, vocational colleges, and training institutions should train high-quality logistics drones and drone logistics technicians as soon as possible. 3 Looking forward to the development trend of drone logistics At present, the Jingdong ground-air integrated intelligent network framework has been initially completed, the terminal drones are maturing, the feeder drones are about to operate, the trunk drones are starting to develop, and the drone logistics express system layout is completed. The world's first annual report focusing on the development of the UAV industry in the field of logistics, published by JD.com, "World Logistics UAV Industry Development Annual Report (2017-2018)" pointed out that "the current world logistics UAV industry is in a rapid growth period. It shows that the United States is leading, Europe is following positively, and China is moving from catching up to leading the way. It also points out that "domestic logistics drones are still in the early stages of development." According to the data of the Prospective Industrial Research Institute's "2018-2023 China Industrial UAV Industry Development Prospects and Investment Strategic Planning Analysis Report", the future development of civilian UAVs will be faster, and the market size will reach 96.8 billion yuan by 2023. 3.1 Technical breakthrough The technical bottleneck of the logistics drone itself is mainly reflected in the battery life, load size, reliability, visual perception, fixed-point delivery and operating radius. E-commerce companies such as Jingdong, Shunfeng and Xiaomi have increased their investment in research and development of logistics drones and construction of UAV logistics and transportation systems. The introduction of power technology, artificial intelligence technology, computer vision technology, material technology, communication technology, information security technology and other latest achievements in the design of innovative logistics drones. The core of flight control technology should be adopted to make advances in chips, sensors, navigation and other technologies and cost reduction. Develop highly integrated chips to reduce manufacturing costs. Future logistics drones are fully compliant with safety and regulatory design, with better human-machine collaboration capabilities, intelligent driving modes, automatic take-off/landing, and mission execution. The drone logistics system should have platform and payload interchangeability. 3.2 Policy supervision The development of logistics drones and drone logistics is inseparable from the support of regulatory policies. In 2016, the “Three-Year Implementation Plan for “Internet” Artificial Intelligence” pointed out that the promotion of artificial intelligence in the field of UAV systems should be promoted. In 2017, the State Council issued the “New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan” to develop consumer UAVs and establish test identification. Specialized service systems such as testing, competition, etc., improve airspace and water area management measures. In order to promote the safe and orderly development of logistics drones and drone logistics, the government should introduce more clear regulations on logistics drone systems, logistics drone driver management, and logistics drone operating airspace. The research and development and application of international logistics UAV and UAV logistics transportation system are still in the initial stage, which requires a large amount of capital, manpower and material resources. It is the only way for the whole industry to achieve leapfrogging based on actual scenarios for technology R&D and business model incubation. In the future, the technical standards of logistics drones should be changed from differences to uniforms. The operational scenarios of each link need to promote the development of logistics drones with clear standards. 3.3 Talent training The development of logistics drones and drone logistics transportation systems is inseparable from talents at all levels. All institutions of higher learning, vocational colleges and training institutions should set up relevant professions to improve the quality and quantity of logistics machine personnel. In December 2017, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the “Guiding Opinions on Promoting and Regulating the Manufacturing and Development of Civil UAVs”, and proposed to support qualified colleges and vocational colleges to establish drone-related majors. Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics specializes in the establishment of drone aircraft for the development of drone personnel. Xi'an Aviation Vocational and Technical College and other secondary vocational and technical schools, Jilin Machinery Industry School and other secondary vocational and technical schools have set up UAV application technology. In 2017, the training organization Beijing Commercial and Commercial Education Group drone flight school "Eagle Project" training aims to improve the professional quality and professional skills of the drone. A series of plans and measures to adapt to the drone industry, for the development direction of drone control, maintenance and development, to train advanced technical skills talents for programming, maintenance, production organization and management of drone equipment. 4 Conclusion The e-commerce and express delivery enterprises represented by Jingdong and Shunfeng are advancing the breakthrough of China's UAV logistics transportation technology and the construction of the standard system. The government is accelerating the supervision of drones, and vocational colleges are accelerating personnel training. China's UAV logistics is developing in an advanced, healthy, orderly and standardized direction. |
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